CANONICAL HISTORY
Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm
A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin published "Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm" in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B in 1977. The paper presents a broadly applicable algorithm for computing maximum-likelihood estimates from incomplete data and derives monotonic-likelihood and convergence results.
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LINEAiGE IDdempster-laird-rubin-em-algorithm-1977